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In this week's issue:
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6058/twis.dtl Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6058/twil.dtl
Editorial
The Energy Research Imperative
Bill Gates
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/877
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/880-a Around the World
In science news around the world this week, Russia's first solar system exploration mission since 1996 remains stranded in Earth orbit, Geron is stopping its work on human embryonic stem cells, Germany is looking for a new site to store nuclear waste, members of the Turkish Academy of Sciences are resigning in protest of what they see as government intrusion on the autonomy of the organization, and the first 2012 budget bill contains surprisingly good news for the U.S. scientific community
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/880-b Random Sample
To help save the species, 19 southern black rhinos were wafted by helicopter out of their habitat in South Africa's Eastern Cape last week. On 27 October, Russian cosmonaut Sergey Alexandrovich Volkov submitted the first manuscript from space; his address on the paper is listed as "International Space Station (present address)." And this week's numbers quantify the price of a rare meteorite and children who contract influenza annually.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/881-a Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are disgraced Dutch social psychologist Diederik Stapel, who has given up his doctor's title, and Steven Koonin, who is leaving his job as undersecretary for science in the Department of Energy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/881-b Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6058/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
NSF Creates Fast Track for Out-of-the-Box Proposals
Jeffrey Mervis
Last week, National Science Foundation Director Subra Suresh unveiled an initiative that aims to roll the dice on a relative handful of researchers with unorthodox ideas about how to tackle complex problems.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/883 Research Projects Could Be Roadkill in Revision of Massive Highway Bill
David Malakoff
A federal highway program that has funded archaeological and environmental restoration projects faces serious opposition in the U.S. House of Representatives from lawmakers who consider it to be wasteful and unnecessary spending.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/884 Revolution Brings New Hopes for Libyan Archaeology
Martin Enserink
Now that Libya's civil war is over, scientists are hoping that from the turmoil will arise a new, democratic nation that invests more of its oil wealth in research and takes a keener interest in its archaeological treasures.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/885 China Looks to Balance Its Carbon Books
Li Jiao et al.
As nations grope for a consensus on how to rein in carbon dioxide emissions, China is pressing ahead on its own to sharply reduce energy intensity by shuttering inefficient coal-fired power plants and capping energy use.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/886-a An Unsung Carbon Sink
Christina Larson
Soil scientists in China are measuring calcium and bicarbonate ions in karst in an effort to figure out how much carbon dioxide has been taken out of the air. Karst could be a substantial inorganic carbon sink, experts say.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/886-b
News Focus
Will Busting Dams Boost Salmon?
Robert F. Service
As dams fall on the Elwha River in Washington state and other rivers around the country, scientists are relishing rare opportunities to watch natural ecosystems restore themselves.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/888 Out of the Frying Pan?
Robert F. Service
A new climate-modeling effort called the Riverscape Analysis Project finds that climate change will affect rivers throughout the Pacific Rim.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/890 Evolutionary Time Travel
Elizabeth Pennisi
With clever and challenging lab experiments, researchers are forcing species to become multicellular, develop new energy sources, and start having sex.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/893 Dreams of a Lithium Empire
Jean Friedman-Rudovsky
Bolivia is betting that a former nuclear engineer, Guillaume Roelants, will develop a new extraction process for the world's largest lithium reserve.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/896
Letters
Race Disparity in Grants: Check the Citations
Harold P. Erickson
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/899-a Race Disparity in Grants: Empirical Solutions Vital
Joel L. Voss
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/899 Race Disparity in Grants: Empirical Solutions Vital-Response
Donna K. Ginther et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/899 Race Disparity in Grants: Oversight at Home
James L. Sherley
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/901 Race Disparity in Grants: Oversight at Home-Response
Francis S. Collins et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/903 Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/905
Technical Comments
Comment on "Global Trends in Wind Speed and Wave Height"
Frank J. Wentz et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/905 Response to Comment on "Global Trends in Wind Speed and Wave Height"
Ian R. Young et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/905
Books et al.
To Close the Gap
Charles I. Jones
After weighing explanations for the high growth rates experienced in the developing world over the past half-century, Spence turns to consider the global economy over the next 50 years.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/906-a Low Costs and Considerable Gains
Esther M. Sternberg
The exhibition features 60 design projects that address the complex issues arising from the explosive growth of informal urban settlements in emerging and developing economies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/906-b Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 11 November 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/906-c
Policy Forum
Preparing to Manage Climate Change Financing
Simon D. Donner et al.
Lessons from the failures and successes of international development should guide investment in developing-world responses to climate change.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/908
Perspectives
When More Is More
Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Whether contextual information is helpful in making decisions depends on the situation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/910 Understanding Tribal Fates
Ronan Arthur et al.
Geographic and cultural factors help to explain the population explosion of Navajos among Native Americans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/911 Human Locomotor Circuits Conform
Sten Grillner
Similar patterns of neural activity that drive locomotion in humans, mammals, and birds suggest a conserved mechanism over vertebrate evolution.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/912 One Atom Makes All the Difference
S. Ramaswamy
The interstitial atom in the nitrogenase FeMo cofactor cluster is carbon, not nitrogen as previously surmised.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/914 Antioxidant Strategies to Tolerate Antibiotics
Peter Belenky et al.
Bacteria use two convergent strategies to combat toxic reactive oxygen species produced in response to antibiotic treatment.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/915 Analyzing Solar Cycles
Sami K. Solanki et al.
Does the recent longer-than-usual minimum in sunspot activity indicate that we are heading for an extended period of solar inactivity?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/916 True Performance Metrics in Electrochemical Energy Storage
Y. Gogotsi et al.
Exceptional performance claims for electrodes used in batteries and electrochemical capacitors often fail to hold up when all device components are included.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/917 Steven P. Jobs (1955-2011)
Thomas J. Misa
A brash, innovative, and intuitive thinker spurred radical technological changes that reshaped the cultural and economic landscape.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/919
Introduction to Special Issue
Electricity Now and When
Marc Lavine et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/921
News
Saving for a Rainy Day
Edwin Cartlidge
Materials for thermal storage may make cheap solar energy available around the clock-even when the sun doesn't shine.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/922 Turning Over a New Leaf
Robert F. Service
Artificial-photosynthesis researchers dream of using sunlight's energy to generate chemical fuels. Despite progress, the approach must become more efficient and cheaper to make an impact on where the world gets its fuel.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/925 Sunlight in Your Tank-Right Away
Robert F. Service
Some researchers are looking to use artificial photosynthesis to generate hydrocarbon fuels like those we already burn. Their goal is essentially to run combustion in reverse.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/927
Reviews
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
Bruce Dunn et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/928 Lowering the Temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Eric D. Wachsman et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/935
Brevia
Evidence for Interstitial Carbon in Nitrogenase FeMo Cofactor
Thomas Spatzal et al.
Structural data show that the light atom at the center of the nitrogenase active site cofactor is a carbon.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/940
Research Articles
Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic 60S Ribosomal Subunit in Complex with Initiation Factor 6
Sebastian Klinge et al.
The 3.5 angstrom-resolution structure provides insights into the architecture of the eukaryotic ribosome and its regulation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/941
Reports
The Large, Oxygen-Rich Halos of Star-Forming Galaxies Are a Major Reservoir of Galactic Metals
J. Tumlinson et al.
Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope show that halos of ionized gas are common around star-forming galaxies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/948 The Hidden Mass and Large Spatial Extent of a Post-Starburst Galaxy Outflow
Todd M. Tripp et al.
A galaxy that has experienced a recent burst of star formation has an extended halo of hot, ionized gas surrounding it.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/952 A Reservoir of Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo to Sustain Star Formation in the Milky Way
Nicolas Lehner et al.
Clouds of ionized gas located inside our Galaxy provide a major supply of matter for fueling ongoing star formation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/955 Giant Piezoelectricity on Si for Hyperactive MEMS
S. H. Baek et al.
High-quality piezoelectric thin films are grown and exhibit superior properties for microelectromechanical systems.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/958 Ultralight Metallic Microlattices
T. A. Schaedler et al.
A route is developed for fabricating extremely low-density, hollow-strut metallic lattices.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/962 Silica-Like Malleable Materials from Permanent Organic Networks
Damien Montarnal et al.
A polymer shows thermoset-like stability while displaying melt processability like that of a thermopolymer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/965 Domain Dynamics During Ferroelectric Switching
Christopher T. Nelson et al.
The role of defects and interfaces on switching in ferroelectric materials is observed with high-resolution microscopy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/968 Negative Frequency-Dependent Selection of Sexually Antagonistic Alleles in Myodes glareolus
Mikael Mokkonen et al.
Selection of rare-male types in a population can maintain genetic variation that benefits one sex but harms the other.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/972 X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Evidences a Central Carbon in the Nitrogenase Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor
Kyle M. Lancaster et al.
A central light atom in a cofactor at the nitrogenase active site is identified as a carbon.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/974 Structural Basis of Silencing: Sir3 BAH Domain in Complex with a Nucleosome at 3.0 Å Resolution
Karim-Jean Armache et al.
A regulatory protein forms extensive interactions with the nucleosome core particle to create the basis for gene silencing.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/977 Active Starvation Responses Mediate Antibiotic Tolerance in Biofilms and Nutrient-Limited Bacteria
Dao Nguyen et al.
During growth arrest, bacteria tolerate the presence of antibiotics, thanks to mechanisms that protect against oxidant stress.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/982 H2S: A Universal Defense Against Antibiotics in Bacteria
Konstantin Shatalin et al.
Sulfide formation helps to protect various bacteria from antibiotic toxicity.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/986 Wolbachia Enhance Drosophila Stem Cell Proliferation and Target the Germline Stem Cell Niche
Eva M. Fast et al.
A bacterial endosymbiont up-regulates mitosis of Drosophila germline stem cells and blocks programmed cell death.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/990 Correction of Sickle Cell Disease in Adult Mice by Interference with Fetal Hemoglobin Silencing
Jian Xu et al.
Manipulation of a transcriptional repressor promotes expression of protective fetal globin genes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/993 Locomotor Primitives in Newborn Babies and Their Development
Nadia Dominici et al.
Mammalian locomotion patterns share common roots.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/997 Rational Choice, Context Dependence, and the Value of Information in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Esteban Freidin et al.
Context-related information improves serial decision-making but impairs simultaneous choice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/1000
Products & Materials
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/1004-a
Podcast
Science Podcast
The show includes how starved bacteria resist antibiotics, next-generation antimalarial drugs, the science of dam removal, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6058/1004-b | 
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